The AAPM&R Case Study Series is a programmed learning series of case studies in in all areas of Physiatry for physiatrists, residents in physiatry, and other physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Recognize appropriate clinical management strategies and apply these techniques and knowledge into their practice.
• Assess the current state of their knowledge specific to the activity topic and identify knowledge gaps in which additional study is needed.
• Develop a strategy to closing the identified knowledge gaps using resources provided as references within the activity.

Accreditation Statement

The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Designation of Credit

The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 0.5 Credit™ Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. 

Financial Disclosures

AAPM&R requires all individuals who are in a position to control the content of an educational activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest, which is any entity producing, marketing, re-selling or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. Disclosures are made in written form prior to the start of the educational activity and any potential conflicts of interest that exist are resolved prior to the start of the activity through AAPM&R’s Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Resolution Policy Process. Individuals in a position to control content and their disclosed financial relationships are listed below.

Faculty:
Amelia Y. Ni, DO

APM&R Medical Education Committee
Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Chelsea D. Frost MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Theresa A. Gillis, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kevin N. Hakimi, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Rita G. Hamilton, DO: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA): Board of Directors
Sarah K. Hwang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Monica E. Rho, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Jennifer A. Soo Hoo, MD:Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Justsin L. Weppner, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Dylan W. Banks, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Sarah Mahasin, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Stephanie Tow, MD: AMSSM’s Education Committee - Online Education Resources Subcommittee Chair, US Paralympics Swimming Team Head Physician: Volunteer

Rebecca DeVivo, MPH:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Brian S. Thompson, MBA:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships

AAPM&R Digital Learning Committee:

Justin L. Weppner, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Angela L. Beninga, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Dana Branch, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Tracy Espiritu McKay, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships. 
Stephen L. Leb, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships. 
Brittany A. Mays, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships. 
Sara N. Raiser, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships. 
Cleo D. Stafford, II, MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships. 
Sammy Mangan, MA Ed: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships. 

AAPM&R CME Committee:

Karen P. Barr, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Cherry C. Junn, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sheryl R. Levin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Kentaro Onishi, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Evan R. Peck, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Cynthia G. Pineda, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Patricia T. Tan, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Kristin A. Wong, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships. FDA Disclosures All faculty members for this activity have disclosed they do not intend to discuss or demonstrate any pharmaceutical or medical device for which FDA clearance has not been approved.