The AAPM&R Case Study Series is a programmed learning series of case studies in in all areas of Physiatry for physiatrists, residents in physiatry, and other physicians.

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Recognize appropriate clinical management strategies and apply these techniques and knowledge into their practice.
• Assess the current state of their knowledge specific to the activity topic and identify knowledge gaps in which additional study is needed.
• Develop a strategy to closing the identified knowledge gaps using resources provided as references within the activity.

Accreditation Statement

The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

Designation of Credit

The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) designates this enduring material for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 0.5 Credit™ Physicians should only claim credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Financial Disclosures

AAPM&R requires all individuals who are in a position to control the content of an educational activity to disclose all relevant financial relationships with any commercial interest, which is any entity producing, marketing, re-selling or distributing health care goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients. Disclosures are made in written form prior to the start of the educational activity and any potential conflicts of interest that exist are resolved prior to the start of the activity through AAPM&R’s Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Resolution Policy Process. Individuals in a position to control content and their disclosed financial relationships are listed below.

Faculty:

Rachel Sunico, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Armand Ardestani, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
William Mendanha, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Medical Education Committee
John C. Cianca, MD: Ownership or partnership with Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Consultants, LLC.
Karen P. Barr, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Joseph E. Burris, MD: Serves on the Speakers Bureau for, and received clinical research grants from Allergan.
David S. Cheng, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Theresa A. Gillis, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kevin N. Hakimi, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Matthew T. Haas, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
R. Samuel Mayer, MD: Royalties from Demos Medical Publishing.
Ameet S. Nagpal, MD MS MEd: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sunil Sabharwal, MD: Royalties from Demos Publishing; board member, American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
Sarah M. Smith, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Stephanie Tow, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kevin R. Vincent, MD, PhD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Digital Learning Committee:

David S. Cheng, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Angela L. Beninga, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Andrew B. Collins, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

James E. Eubanks, MD, DC, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Colby R. Hansen, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

David J. Haustein, MD, MBA: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sara N. Raiser, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Justin L. Weppner, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R CME Committee:

Karen P. Barr, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Cherry C. Junn, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sheryl R. Levin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Kentaro Onishi, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Evan R. Peck, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Cynthia G. Pineda, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Patricia T. Tan, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Kristin A. Wong, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships. FDA Disclosures All faculty members for this activity have disclosed they do not intend to discuss or demonstrate any pharmaceutical or medical device for which FDA clearance has not been approved.