Journal-based CME is available every month through the study of designated articles within PM&R, the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Demonstrate an increase in, or affirm, their knowledge of clinical medicine and research.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of the clinical information as it applies to the provision of patient care.
• When appropriate, implement changes in practice relevant to the content of the article.

Accreditation Statement
AAPM&R is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

CME Credit Designation
The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Faculty and their Disclosures
All faculty, planners and reviewers participating in continuing medical education programs must disclose to the learner any financial interests with any commercial supporter or other relationships with manufacturer(s) or providers of any product or service related to content of their presentation. All content is peer-reviewed to ensure its quality and independence. Individuals in a position to control content and their disclosed financial relationships are listed below.

Principal Faculty:
Editor-in-Chief: Janna Friedly, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Article Authors:
Jariya Boonhong, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Worakan Thienkul, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Self-Assessment Committee:
Ameet Nagpal, MD, MS, MEd, Chair
Consultant to Avanos Medical and the Texas Medical Board.

Fred Bagares, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Marcie Bockbrader, MD, PhD
Participates in clinical trials for Micro Transponder, Inc.

Carol Y. Crooks, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Maria Aurora Dajoyag-Mejia, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Daniel Goodman, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Prathap Jacob Joseph, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Robert A. Lavin, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Jill R. Meilahn, DO
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Nate Olafsen, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Marilyn S. Pacheco, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Ankit M. Patel, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.  

Virtaj Singh, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Kate Temme, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Mark Tornero, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Medical Education Committee:
John C. Cianca, MD, Vice Chair
Independent contractor, Houston Marathon Committee; owner, Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Consultants, LLC; consultant, 2nd MD; royalties from Demos Medical Publishing

Karen P. Barr, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Anna-Christina Bevelaqua, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

David S. Cheng, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Theresa A. Gillis, MD
Serves on the Speakers Bureau for, and received clinical research grants from Allergan.

Kevin N. Hakimi, MD
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Rita G. Hamilton, DO
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

R. Sam Mayer, MD
Royalties from Demos Medical Publishing.

Ameet S. Nagpal, MD MS MEd
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Sunil Sabharwal, MD
Royalties from Demos Publishing; board member, American Board of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Scott E. Klass, MD MS ATC (PHiT Liaison)
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Chaitanya R. Konda, DO (PHiT Liaison)
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Rebecca DeVivo, MPH, MSW, CHCP
Staff Liaison
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Brian S. Thompson, MBA, FACEHP
Staff Liaison
Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships.