Journal-based CME is available every month through the study of designated articles within PM&R, the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Demonstrate an increase in, or affirm, their knowledge of clinical medicine and research.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of the clinical information as it applies to the provision of patient care.
• When appropriate, implement changes in practice relevant to the content of the article.

Accreditation Statement
AAPM&R is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

CME Credit Designation
The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Faculty and their Disclosures
All faculty, planners and reviewers participating in continuing medical education programs must disclose to the learner any financial interests with any commercial supporter or other relationships with manufacturer(s) or providers of any product or service related to content of their presentation. All content is peer-reviewed to ensure its quality and independence. Individuals in a position to control content and their disclosed financial relationships are listed below.

Principal Faculty:
Editor-in-Chief: Janna Friedly, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Article Authors:
Robert C. Cantu MA, MD; Allen K. Sills MD; Michael L. Alosco PhD; Kristy B. Arbogast PhD; Jeffrey J. Bazarian MD, MPH; Kevin F. Bieniek PhD; Jeff R. Crandall PhD; Grant L. Iverson PhD; Douglas I. Katz MD; C. Dirk Keene MD, PhD; John J. Leddy MD; Christina D. Mack PhD, MSPH; Ann C. McKee MD; William P. Meehan MD; Jesse Mez MD, MS; Christopher J. Nowinski PhD; David O. Okonkwo MD, PhD; Gary S. Solomon PhD; Thor D. Stein MD, PhD; M. Carmela Tartaglia MD; Ross D. Zafonte DO; Daniel H. Daneshvar MD, PhD.

DISCLOSURES
The summit was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from the NFL. RCC: reported royalties from Houghton Mifflin Harcourt; compensation for expert legal opinion to the National Collegiate Athletic Association and National Hockey League; consults for the Concussion Legacy Foundation; is senior advisor and paid consultant to the NFL Head Neck & Spine Committee; is a member of the Mackey-White Committee of the National Football League Players Association; is vice president of National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment and chair scientific advisory committee and cofounder of Medical Director Concussion Legacy Foundation; and is on the Medical Science Committee for the National Collegiate Athletic Association Student-Athlete Concussion Injury Litigation. AKS: serves as the Chief Medical Officer for the NFL. MLA: receives royalties from Oxford University Press for a textbook outside the submitted work. KBA: recieves research support from Football Research Inc. and Chuck Noll Brain Research Foundation. JJB: reports research support from BrainScope, Abbott and BrainBox. KFB: receives research support from the Rainwater Foundation, the Bill and Rebecca Reed Precision Medicine Center, and the Bartell and Mollie Zachry Endowment for Alzheimer Research and Patient Care. JRC: receives support from the NASCAR Head, Neck and Spine Committee. GLI: serves as a scientific advisor for NanoDX, Sway Operations, LLC, and Highmark, Inc. He has a clinical and consulting practice in forensic neuropsychology, including expert testimony, involving individuals who have sustained mild TBIs (including former athletes). He has received past research support or funding from several test publishing companies, including ImPACT Applications, Inc., CNS Vital Signs, and Psychological Assessment Resources (PAR, Inc.). He receives royalties from the sales of one neuropsychological test (WCST-64). He has received travel support and honorariums for presentations at conferences and meetings. He has received research funding as a principal investigator from the National Football League, and subcontract grant funding as a collaborator from the Harvard Integrated Program to Protect and Improve the Health of National Football League Players Association Members. He has received research funding from the Wounded Warrior Project. He acknowledges unrestricted philanthropic support from ImPACT Applications, Inc., the Mooney-Reed Charitable Foundation, the National Rugby League, Boston Bolts, and the Schoen Adams Research Institute at Spaulding Rehabilitation. DIK: reported royalties from Springer/Demos Publishing for a textbook on brain injury; serves as an expert witness in legal cases involving brain injury and concussion; receives a stipend from Encompass Health as program medical director for brain injury and chair of the annual Neurorehabilitation conference; and has received honoraria for a keynote address for the HealthSouth Annual Medical Directors Meeting. CDK: is supported by the Nancy and Buster Alvord Endowment. JJL: receives grant/research support from National Institutes of Health, Department of Defense, and American Medical Society for Sports Medicine. He is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Neuronasal, Highmark Innovations, and Quadrant Biosciences. Minority stock options in Highmark Innovations and 360 Concussion Care. Expert consultant to NCAA. Consults with NFL and National Hockey League teams on athlete care but does not receive any compensation from these organizations. CDM: is a full-time employee of IQVIA, which is a paid research consultancy with the NFL. ACM: is a member of the Mackey-White Committee of the National Football League Players Association and reports other funding from Buoniconti Foundation during the conduct of the study. WPM: receives royalties from (1) ABC-Clio publishing for the sale of his books, Kids, Sports, and Concussion: A Guide for Coaches and Parents and Concussions; (2) Springer International for the book Head and Neck Injuries in Young Athlete; and (3) Wolters Kluwer for working as an author for UpToDate. His research is funded, in part, by philanthropic support from the National Hockey League Alumni Association through the Corey C. Griffin Pro-Am Tournament and the NFL. CJN: is the cofounder and chief executive officer of the Concussion Legacy Foundation; reported nonfinancial support (travel reimbursement) from the NFL Players Association as a member of the Mackey-White Health & Safety Committee, WWE, and AEW (All Elite Wrestling); and serves as an advisor and options holder for Oxeia Biopharmaceuticals, PreCon Health, and StataDx outside the submitted work. GSS: is a paid consultant to the NFL Player Health and Safety Department. MCT: is supported by grant funding from the Weston Brain Foundation, and Tanenbaum Institute for Science in Sport; and has received honorariums from Eisai and Eli Lilly unrelated to this editorial. RDZ: receives royalties from Oakstone for an educational CD (Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: A Comprehensive Review) and from DemosMedical, part of Springer Publishing, for serving as coeditor of the text Brain Injury Medicine and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board of Oxeia Biopharma, BioDirection, ElMINDA, and Myomo. He is also principal investigator on a grant titled the Football Players Health Study at Harvard University, which is funded by the NFL Players Association (NFLPA) and serves on the Mackey-White Health and Safety Committee. DHD: serves as an expert witness in legal cases involving brain injury and concussion and serves as an advisor and options holder for StataDx outside the submitted work; and evaluates patients for the MGH Brain and Body TRUST Center, sponsored in part by the NFLPA. The authors report no additional disclosures.

Self-Assessment Committee
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicholas W. Freedman, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Daniel A. Goodman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Marika Lazo Greiff, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kimberly C. Hartman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Donna S. Huang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Didem Inanoglu, MD: Is a part-time life care planner and provides expert testimony for PLCP
Susan J. Kim, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Chaitanya R. Konda, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sri Ranjini Muthukrishnan, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nathan P. Olafsen, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Ankit M. Patel, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Andrew J. Patton, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicole L. Pontee, MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Anjum Sayyad, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Mark E. Tornero, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Medical Education Committee
Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Chelsea D. Frost MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Theresa A. Gillis, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kevin N. Hakimi, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Rita G. Hamilton, DO: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA): Board of Directors
Sarah K. Hwang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Monica E. Rho, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Jennifer A. Soo Hoo, MD:Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Justsin L. Weppner, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Dylan W. Banks, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Sarah Mahasin, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Stephanie Tow, MD: AMSSM’s Education Committee - Online Education Resources Subcommittee Chair, US Paralympics Swimming Team Head Physician: Volunteer

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships.

FDA Disclosures
All faculty members for this activity have disclosed they do not intend to discuss or demonstrate any pharmaceutical or medical device for which FDA clearance has not been approved.