This self-assessment has 28 questions and requires a minimum passing score of 70% to claim CME. You will have unlimited attempts to achieve a passing score.

This learning activity meets the self-assessment criteria of the Part II: Life-long Learning and Self-Assessment component as part of the ABPM&R's Continuing Certification. 

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Recognize appropriate clinical management strategies and apply these techniques and knowledge into their practice.
• Assess the current state of their knowledge specific to the activity topic and identify knowledge gaps in which additional study is needed.
• Develop a strategy to closing the identified knowledge gaps using resources provided as references within the activity.

Accreditation Statement
AAPM&R is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

CME Credit Designation
AAPM&R designates this enduring material for a maximum of 8.00 AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Faculty and their Disclosures
As a sponsor accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME), AAPM&R must ensure balance, independence and scientific rigor in all of its sponsored educational activities. Anyone in a position to control the content of an activity (i.e., all participating planners and faculty) must disclose all financial relationships (of any amount) from the past 24 months, with any ineligible company to AAPM&R. Prior to the planning and development of this activity, all relevant financial relationships were mitigated, and relevant disclosures from persons in control of content are lsited below. Disclosures from the article authors can be found in the article PDFs.

Self-Assessment Committee
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicholas W. Freedman, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Daniel A. Goodman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Marika Lazo Greiff, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kimberly C. Hartman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Donna S. Huang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Didem Inanoglu, MD: Is a part-time life care planner and provides expert testimony for PLCP
Susan J. Kim, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Chaitanya R. Konda, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sri Ranjini Muthukrishnan, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nathan P. Olafsen, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Ankit M. Patel, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Andrew J. Patton, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicole L. Pontee, MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Anjum Sayyad, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Mark E. Tornero, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Medical Education Committee
Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Chelsea D. Frost MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Theresa A. Gillis, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kevin N. Hakimi, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Rita G. Hamilton, DO: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA): Board of Directors
Sarah K. Hwang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Monica E. Rho, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Jennifer A. Soo Hoo, MD:Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Justsin L. Weppner, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Dylan W. Banks, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Sarah Mahasin, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Stephanie Tow, MD: AMSSM’s Education Committee - Online Education Resources Subcommittee Chair, US Paralympics Swimming Team Head Physician: Volunteer

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships.

Please Note: Most questions are based on open access citations. All questions provide a Commentary after you select your response, which includes the justification for the correct response and summarizes the relevant information from any book or non-open access citation. 

1. Kontos AP, Jorgensen-Wagers K, Trbovich AM, et al. Association of Time Since Injury to the First Clinic Visit With Recovery Following Concussion. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(4):435–440. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.4552.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaneurology/fullarticle/2757869

2. Charnette Lercara, MD, Jayne Ha, DO, Elver Ho, BA, Lon Yin Chan, BA. Mild to Moderate Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury PM&R Knowledge NOW. Originally published: April 5, 2017 Last updated: January 18, 2024.
https://now.aapmr.org/mild-to-moderate-pediatric-traumatic-brain-injury/

3. Diane Schretzman Mortimer, MD, Matthew Puderbaugh, DO, Ameya Joshi, MD. Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI). PM&R Knowledge NOW. Originally published: November 16, 2011 Last updated: July 13, 2023.
https://now.aapmr.org/mild-traumatic-brain-injury-mtbi/

4. Broglio, S.P., McAllister, T., Katz, B.P. et al. The Natural History of Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium. Sports Med 52, 403–415 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-021-01541-7
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40279-021-01541-7

5. Cheng J, Ammerman B, Santiago K, Jivanelli B, Lin E, Casey E, Ling D. Sex-Based Differences in the Incidence of Sports-Related Concussion: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Health. 2019 Nov/Dec;11(6):486-491. doi: 10.1177/1941738119877186. Epub 2019 Sep 30. PMID: 31567052; PMCID: PMC6822209.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6822209/

6. McCrory P, Meeuwisse W, Dvorak J, et al. Consensus statement on concussion in sport—the 5th international conference on concussion in sport held in Berlin, October 2016 British Journal of Sports Medicine 2017;51:838-847.
https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/51/11/838

7. CDC Heads Up. Returning to Sports. Date Access: 1/28/25.
https://www.cdc.gov/heads-up/guidelines/returning-to-sports.html

8. Brain Injury Association of America. About Brain Injury: Retrun to Learn.
https://www.biausa.org/brain-injury/about-brain-injury/what-is-a-brain-injury/concussion-mtbi/return-to-learn

9. Kuppermann N, Holmes JF, Dayan PS, et al. Identification of children at very low risk of clinically-important brain injuries after head trauma: a prospective cohort study.  Lancet.  2009;374(9696):1160-1170. Doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)61558-0
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19758692/

10. McKee AC, Cairns NJ, Dickson DW, et al. The first NINDS/NIBIB consensus meeting to define neuropathological criteria for the diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Acta Neuropathol. 2016;131(1):75–86. doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1515-z.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4698281/

11. Patricios JS, Schneider KJ, Dvorak J, et al.  Consensus statement on concussion in sport: the 6th International Conference on Concussion in Sport–Amsterdam, October 2022.  British Journal of Sports Medicine 2023;57:695-711.
https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/57/11/695

12. Department of Veterans Affairs and Department of Defense. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management and Rehabilitation of Post-Acute Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Version 3.0. 2021: Washington DC. Accessed 1/28/25. Website:
https://www.healthquality.va.gov/guidelines/rehab/mtbi/

13. Stovitz SD, Wesenman JD, Hooks MC et al. What definition is used to describe second impact syndrome in sports? A systematic and critical review. Curr Sports Med Rep. 16(1): 50-55.
https://journals.lww.com/acsm-csmr/fulltext/2017/01000/what_definition_is_used_to_describe_second_impact.15.aspx

14. Rabinowitz AR, Watanabe TK. Pharmacotherapy for treatment of cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms after mTBI. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2019; 35(1):76-83.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6940511/

15. Nelson LD, Temkin NR, Dikmen S, et al. Recovery After mild traumatic brain injury in patients presenting to US Level I Trauma Centers: A transforming research and clinical knowledge in traumatic brain injury (TRACK-TBI) study. JAMA Neurol. 2019; 76(9):1049-1059.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6547159/

16. Silverberg ND, Iaccarino MA, Panenka WJ, et al. Management of concussion and mild traumatic brain injury: A synthesis of practice guidelines. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2020; 101(2): 382-393.
https://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993(19)31305-X/fulltext