Description
This self-assessment has 31 questions and requires a minimum passing score of 70% to claim CME. You will have unlimited attempts to achieve a passing score.
This learning activity meets the self-assessment criteria of the Part II: Life-long Learning and Self-Assessment component as part of the ABPM&R's Continuing Certification.
Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:
- Recognize appropriate clinical management strategies and apply these techniques and knowledge into their practice.
- Assess the current state of their knowledge specific to the activity topic and identify knowledge gaps in which additional study is needed.
- Develop a strategy to closing the identified knowledge gaps using resources provided as references within the activity.
Accreditation Statement
The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
CME Credit Designation
The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) designates this enduring material for a maximum of X AMA PRA Category 1 Credits™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.
Disclosure Statement
In accordance with ACCME’s Standards for Integrity and Independence in Accredited Continuing Education, AAPM&R requires all individuals who are in a position to affect the strategic direction of AAPM&R and/or control the content of an educational activity to disclose all financial relationships with any ineligible company within the last 24 months. The ACCME defines an “ineligible company” as any entity whose primary business is producing, marketing, selling, re-selling, or distributing healthcare products used by or on patients.
Disclosures are made in written form prior to the start of the educational activity, and any potential conflicts of interest that exist are mitigated prior to the start of the activity through AAPM&R’s Conflict of Interest Disclosure and Resolution Policy Process. Individuals in a position to affect the strategic direction of AAPM&R and/or control content and their disclosed financial relationships are listed below.
Principle Faculty
Self-Assessment Committee
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicholas W. Freedman, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Pierre Galea, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Daniel A. Goodman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Marika Lazo Greiff, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kimberly C. Hartman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Donna S. Huang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Didem Inanoglu, MD: Is a part-time life care planner and provides expert testimony for PLCP
Susan J. Kim, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Chaitanya R. Konda, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sri Ranjini Muthukrishnan, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Andrew J. Patton, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicole L. Pontee, MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Anjum Sayyad, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Amanda Wise, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
MEC Disclosures
Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD, Chair: Nothing to Disclose
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Chelsea D. Frost, MD, MS: Nothing to Disclose
David J. Haustein, MD, MBA: PM Consulting, Expert Medical Consulting: Ownership or Partnership; Greene County Medical Society Executive Council, Missouri State Medical Foundation Board: Non-remunerative Positions of Influence
Sarah K. Hwang, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Ravi E. Kasi, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Caroline Pupke, DO: Nothing to Disclose
Monica E. Rho, MD: Nothing to Disclose
McCasey R. Smith, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Jennifer A. Soo Hoo, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Stephanie Tow, MD: Nothing to Disclose
Justin L. Weppner, DO: Nothing to Disclose
Alexandra G. Wolfe, DO: Nothing to Disclose
No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships.
Multidisciplinary Inpatient Rehabilitation Following Heart and/or Lung Transplantation—Examining Cohort Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes
Shiner, C.T., Woodbridge, G., Skalicky, D.A. and Faux, S.G. (2019), Multidisciplinary Inpatient Rehabilitation Following Heart and/or Lung Transplantation—Examining Cohort Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes. PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation, 11: 849-857.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pmrj.12057
Heart transplantation and the role of inpatient rehabilitation: A narrative review
Rydberg L, Barker K, Lanphere J, Malmut L, Neal J, Eickmeyer S. Heart transplantation and the role of inpatient rehabilitation: A narrative review. PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation. 2023; 15(10): 1351-1360. doi:10.1002/pmrj.12935
Functional improvements of patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility after bilateral lung transplant due to severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease
Goodman DA, Jensen A, Fahey K, Walaszek E, Vail C, Nassiri K, Jayabalan P, Oswald M, Rydberg L. Functional improvements of patients admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation facility after bilateral lung transplant due to severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease. PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation. 2024 Jan;16(1):25-35. doi: 10.1002/pmrj.13006. Epub 2023 Jun 26. PMID: 37272798.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37272798/
A review of lung transplantation and its implications for the acute inpatient rehabilitation team
Hatt K, Kinback NC, Shah A, Cruz E, Altschuler EL. A review of lung transplantation and its implications for the acute inpatient rehabilitation team. PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation. 2017;9(3):294-305. doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.09.013
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1016/j.pmrj.2016.09.013
The role of rehabilitation across the continuum of liver disease from cirrhosis to transplantation and beyond: A narrative review
Malmut L, Eickmeyer S, Rydberg L, Neal J, Lanphere J, Barker K. The role of rehabilitation across the continuum of liver disease from cirrhosis to transplantation and beyond: A narrative review. PM&R: The Journal of Injury, Function and Rehabilitation. 2025; 1-15. doi:10.1002/pmrj.13384
PM&R KnowledgeNOW Transplantation Resources
Nicole Pontee, MD, MS, Lauren Cuenant, DO, Kaitlyn Brunworth, MD. Pulmonary Rehabilitation Before and After Pulmonary Transplantation. PM&R KnowledgeNOW. Originally Published 20 Sept 2014. Last Updated 30 Nov 2023.
https://now.aapmr.org/pulmonary-rehabilitation-before-and-after-pulmonary-transplantation/Maricarmen Cruz, MD, Isabel Borras, MD, Lorena Rivera, MD, Suzette Arias, MD. Cardiac Rehabilitation Before and After Cardiac Transplantation. PM&R KnowledgeNOW. Originally published: September 20, 2013 Last updated: December 17, 2025.
https://now.aapmr.org/cardiac-rehabilitation-before-and-after-cardiac-transplantation/Maricarmen Cruz, MD, Isabel Borras, MD, Juan Carlos Lemos, MD, Fidel Chavez, MD, Francisco Merced, MD. Liver and Kidney Transplant Rehabilitation. PM&R KnowledgeNow. Published May 2, 2016. Last updated July 11, 2024.
https://now.aapmr.org/solid-organ-transplant-rehabilitation/Erika Trovato, DO, Clayton Mucha, DO, Sabreen Abdullah, MD, Ricky Ju, MD, Preetveer Kaur, MD. Mixed Connective Tissue Transplants for Face and Hand. PM&R KnowledgeNow. Originally published: December 28, 2012 Last updated: November 10, 2023.
https://now.aapmr.org/mixed-connective-tissue-face-and-hand/ Marc Christopher Ramos Emos, MD, Grigory Syrkin, MD. Rehabilitation Management of Hematologic Malignancies and Bone Marrow Transplant (Adults and Pediatrics). PM&R KnowledgeNow. Originally published: July 17, 2013 Last updated: October 16, 2025.
https://now.aapmr.org/rehabilitation-management-of-hematologic-malignancies-and-bone-marrow-transplant-adults-and-pediatrics/ Charnette Lercara, MD, Lon Yin Chan, MD, Elver Ho, MD, Ahmed Elzayat, BA. Medical Reconciliation/Hand-offs Care. PM&R KnowledgeNow. Originally published: April 18, 2016 Last updated: June 27, 2024.
https://now.aapmr.org/transition-of-care-and-medication-reconciliation/
Additional Open Access References
Please Note: Most questions are based on open access citations. All questions provide a Commentary after you select your response, which includes the justification for the correct response and summarizes the relevant information from any book or non-open access citation. References were open access at the time of publication of this product.
1. Anderson L, Nguyen TT, Dall CH, Burgess L, Bridges C, Taylor RS. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant recipients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 4;4(4):CD012264. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012264.pub2. PMID: 28375548; PMCID: PMC6478176.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6478176/
2. Bachmann JM, Shah AS, Duncan MS, Greevy RA Jr, Graves AJ, Ni S, Ooi HH, Wang TJ, Thomas RJ, Whooley MA, Freiberg MS. Cardiac rehabilitation and readmissions after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018 Apr;37(4):467-476. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.05.017. Epub 2017 May 23. PMID: 28619383; PMCID: PMC5947994.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5947994/
3. Maria Simonenko, Dominique Hansen, Josef Niebauer, Maurizio Volterrani, Stamatis Adamopoulos, Cristiano Amarelli, Marco Ambrosetti, Stefan D Anker, Antonio Bayes-Genis, Tuvia Ben Gal, T Scott Bowen, Francesco Cacciatore, Giuseppe Caminiti, Elena Cavarretta, Ovidiu Chioncel, Andrew J S Coats, Alain Cohen-Solal, Flavio D’Ascenzi, Carmen de Pablo Zarzosa, Andreas B Gevaert, Finn Gustafsson, Hareld Kemps, Loreena Hill, Tiny Jaarsma, Ewa Jankowska, Emer Joyce, Nicolle Krankel, Mitja Lainscak, Lars H Lund, Brenda Moura, Kari Nytrøen, Elena Osto, Massimo Piepoli, Luciano Potena, Amina Rakisheva, Giuseppe Rosano, Gianluigi Savarese, Petar M Seferovic, David R Thompson, Thomas Thum, Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck, Prevention and rehabilitation after heart transplantation: A clinical consensus statement of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology, Heart Failure Association of the ESC, and the European Cardio Thoracic Transplant Association, a section of ESOT, European Journal of Preventive Cardiology, Volume 31, Issue 11, August 2024, Pages 1385–1399, https://doi.org/10.1093/eurjpc/zwae179
4. Wickerson L, Rozenberg D, Janaudis-Ferreira T, Deliva R, Lo V, Beauchamp G, Helm D, Gottesman C, Mendes P, Vieira L, Herridge M, Singer LG, Mathur S. Physical rehabilitation for lung transplant candidates and recipients: An evidence-informed clinical approach. World J Transplant 2016; 6(3): 517-531 [PMID: 27683630 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v6.i3.517]
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5036121/
5. Schaenman JM, Diamond JM, Greenland JR, et al. Frailty and aging-associated syndromes in lung transplant candidates and recipients. Am J Transplant. 2021;21(6):2018-2024. doi:10.1111/ajt.16439
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8178173/
4. Razia, Deepika, Tokman, Sofya, Israr, Sharjeel, Mohamed, Hesham, Abdelrazek, Hesham, Buddhdev, Bhuvin, Arjuna, Ashwini, McAnally, Kendra, Hashimi, Samad, Smith, Michael A., Bremner, Ross M., Walia, Rajat, Omar, Ashraf, Orthostatic Hypotension and Concurrent Autonomic Dysfunction: A Novel Complication of Lung Transplantation, Journal of Transplantation, 2022, 3308939, 8 pages, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3308939
5. Bachmann JM, Shah AS, Duncan MS, Greevy RA Jr, Graves AJ, Ni S, Ooi HH, Wang TJ, Thomas RJ, Whooley MA, Freiberg MS. Cardiac rehabilitation and readmissions after heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2018 Apr;37(4):467-476. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.05.017. Epub 2017 May 23. PMID: 28619383; PMCID: PMC5947994.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5947994/
6. Maltser S, Trovato E, Fusco HN, et al. Challenges and lessons learned for acute inpatient rehabilitation of persons with COVID-19: clinical presentation, assessment, needs, and services utilization. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2021;100(12):1115-1123. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000001887
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8594401/
7. Hand BN, Hyer JM, Schenk A, et al. Comparing Kidney Transplant Rates and Outcomes Among Adults With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. JAMA Surg. 2023;158(4):386-392. doi:10.1001/jamasurg.2022.7753
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/fullarticle/2801511
8. Willoughby ME, Ramsey-Morrow JL, Littell KA, Hammond FM. Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation Functional Outcomes and Disposition After Liver Transplant. Arch Rehabil Res Clin Transl. 2024 Mar 16;6(2):100332. doi: 10.1016/j.arrct.2024.100332. PMID: 39006115; PMCID: PMC11240025.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11240025/
9. De Paiva Azevedo M, Angelica de Miranda Silva Nogueira P, D'Souza L, Cheung B, Uy K, Patcai J, Mathur S, Janaudis-Ferreira T. Changes in Functional Outcomes After an Inpatient Rehabilitation Program for Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients. Prog Transplant. 2023 Sep;33(3):201-207. doi: 10.1177/15269248231189861. Epub 2023 Jul 25. PMID: 37491867; PMCID: PMC10466989.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10466989/
10. Laine J, D'Souza A, Siddiqui S, Sayko O, Brazauskas R, Eickmeyer SM. Rehabilitation referrals and outcomes in the early period after hematopoietic cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2015 Oct;50(10):1352-7. doi: 10.1038/bmt.2015.141. Epub 2015 Jul 6. PMID: 26146804; PMCID: PMC4598272.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4598272/
11. Steinberg A, Asher A, Bailey C, Fu JB. The role of physical rehabilitation in stem cell transplantation patients. Support Care Cancer. 2015 Aug;23(8):2447-60. doi: 10.1007/s00520-015-2744-3. Epub 2015 May 14. PMID: 25971213; PMCID: PMC4703401.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4703401/
12. Fu JB, Morishita S. Inpatient Rehabilitation of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients: Managing Challenging Impairments and Medical Fragility. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2024 Mar;103(3):S46–S51.
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10878715/
13. Jung M, Sung IY, Ko EJ. Rehabilitation in Children With Sclerodermoid Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease: Case Series. Ann Rehabil Med. 2019;43(3):347–351. doi:10.5535/arm.2019.43.3.347
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6637061/
Additional References Used
1. Updated 2022 Sep 26]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025 Jan-. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK564391/2. Mohanka M, Banga A. Alterations in Pulmonary Physiology with Lung Transplantation. Comprehensive Physiol. Jan 2023 (13(10: 4269-4293.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36715279/3. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, pure autonomic failure, and multiple system atrophy. The Consensus Committee of the American Autonomic Society and the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 1996;46(5):1470. doi:10.1212/wnl.46.5.1470
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8628505/4. W. Wieling and I. J. Schatz, “The consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension: a revisit after 13 years,” Journal of Hypertension, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 935–938, 2009.
https://journals.lww.com/jhypertension/fulltext/2009/05000/the_consensus_statement_on_the_definition_of.4.aspx5. Costa J, Benvenuto LJ, Sonett JR. Long-term outcomes and managementof lung transplant recipients. Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2017;31(2):285-297. doi:10.1016/j.bpa.2017.05.006
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29110800/6. Kordzadeh-Kermani E, Khalili H, Karimzadeh I. Pathogenesis, clinical manifestations and complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Future Microbiol. 2020;15:1287-1305. doi:10.2217/fmb-2020-0110
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7493723/