Focused Review Course: Spinal Cord Injury-Pressure Ulcers, Osteoporosis, Fractures, Heterotopic Ossification, Spasticity

Pressure Ulcers, Osteoporosis, Fractures, Heterotopic Ossification, Spasticity

Video Transcription

Video Summary

Pressure ulcers are a common problem for people with spinal cord injuries, with a 33% incidence rate. Prevention is the best treatment, which includes using pressure reduction mattresses, frequent skin inspection, regular turning, and proper positioning. When a pressure ulcer develops, it is important to assess its severity, location, and the condition of the wound bed. The wound should be measured for length, width, and depth to monitor healing rate. The amount and quality of exudate, as well as the condition of the surrounding tissue, should also be assessed. The staging of pressure ulcers helps determine the severity of the wound. Treatment involves correcting underlying issues, adequate debridement, and moist wound care. Osteoporosis and osteopenia are common in people with spinal cord injuries, and the risk can be reduced through hormone replacement therapy, calcium and vitamin D intake, and addressing other reversible causes. Pathological fractures are a risk, especially in the lower extremities, and operative intervention may be necessary. Heterotopic ossification, abnormal bone growth, can be treated with medications, radiation, and surgical resection. Spasticity is another common issue, and treatment options include oral medications, motor point blocks, and botulinum toxin injections. Baclofen withdrawal can be life-threatening and must be tapered slowly.

Keywords

pressure ulcers

spinal cord injuries

wound assessment

osteoporosis

pathological fractures

spasticity