Journal-based CME is available every month through the study of designated articles within PM&R, the official scientific journal of the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.

Learning Objectives
After completing this enduring material, the participant should be able to:

• Demonstrate an increase in, or affirm, their knowledge of clinical medicine and research.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of the clinical information as it applies to the provision of patient care.
• When appropriate, implement changes in practice relevant to the content of the article.

Accreditation Statement
AAPM&R is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians.

CME Credit Designation
The American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (AAPM&R) designates this Journal-based CME activity for a maximum of 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity.

Faculty and their Disclosures
All faculty, planners and reviewers participating in continuing medical education programs must disclose to the learner any financial interests with any commercial supporter or other relationships with manufacturer(s) or providers of any product or service related to content of their presentation. All content is peer-reviewed to ensure its quality and independence. Individuals in a position to control content and their disclosed financial relationships are listed below.

Principal Faculty:
Editor-in-Chief: Janna Friedly, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

Article Authors:
Kristen A. Harris MD: toxin vial grants for education of Fellows and residents given by Merz.
Stacey Jou MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Lora Kasselman PhD, MPH: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Steven V. Escaldi DO: educational consultant for Merz Pharmaceuticals and has received toxin vial grants for education of Fellows and residents given by AbbVie, Merz, and Ipsen.

Self-Assessment Committee
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicholas W. Freedman, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Daniel A. Goodman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Marika Lazo Greiff, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kimberly C. Hartman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Donna S. Huang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Didem Inanoglu, MD: Is a part-time life care planner and provides expert testimony for PLCP
Susan J. Kim, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Chaitanya R. Konda, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sri Ranjini Muthukrishnan, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nathan P. Olafsen, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Ankit M. Patel, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Andrew J. Patton, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Nicole L. Pontee, MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Anjum Sayyad, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Mark E. Tornero, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.

AAPM&R Medical Education Committee
Rachel A. Brakke Holman, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Sarah M. Eickmeyer, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Chelsea D. Frost MD, MS: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Theresa A. Gillis, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Kevin N. Hakimi, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships.
Rita G. Hamilton, DO: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA): Board of Directors
Sarah K. Hwang, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Monica E. Rho, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Jennifer A. Soo Hoo, MD:Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Brionn K. Tonkin, MD: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Justsin L. Weppner, DO: Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Dylan W. Banks, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Sarah Mahasin, MD:  Disclosed no relevant financial relationships
Stephanie Tow, MD: AMSSM’s Education Committee - Online Education Resources Subcommittee Chair, US Paralympics Swimming Team Head Physician: Volunteer

No other planners, faculty or other individuals in control of content disclosed any relevant financial relationships.

FDA Disclosures
All faculty members for this activity have disclosed they do not intend to discuss or demonstrate any pharmaceutical or medical device for which FDA clearance has not been approved.